Example sources and assumptions
Updated October 14, 2026. GAHUM supplies three original teaching networks and one licensed 14-bus adaptation. They are starting points for research and study, not verified models of operating equipment. A familiar case name does not certify every parameter or analysis.
All four examples use a 100 MVA system base and a 60 Hz study frequency. Generator cost curves, active-power caps, fault reactances and branch ratings supplied for additional studies must be checked independently. An empty harmonic spectrum means no harmonic injection has been specified; it is not evidence of distortion-free equipment.
5-bus original teaching example
Source: Original GAHUM electrical data authored October 14, 2026. Two controlled buses supply a six-branch mesh with three loads. It replaces the former Stagg adaptation; it is not a published benchmark.
Validation: Loads and dispatch were derived independently from prescribed voltage phasors using the circuit laws. The Analysis Engine starts from flat angles/PQ voltages and must recover those phasors and losses.
Geography: The five Ontario names/positions remain OpenStreetMap-derived. Download the ODbL geographic extract and read the corridor method. The fictional electrical network does not represent those assets.
9-bus original teaching example
Source: Original GAHUM electrical data authored October 14, 2026: a ring with two cross-links, three controlled buses and six loads. It replaces the former WSCC adaptation and traced diagram. It is not identified as WSCC or an IEEE benchmark.
Validation: Independent prescribed phasors and circuit-law injections provide the regression reference. The tests compare solved magnitudes, angles and total active losses.
Arrangement: An original three-column SLD. No geographic coordinates are supplied.
12-bus original teaching example
Source: Original GAHUM electrical data authored October 14, 2026. A twelve-node ring and two cross-links connect three controlled buses and nine loads. It replaces the earlier online-sourced case whose source could not be recovered.
Validation: Its independently prescribed phasors and circuit-law injections are checked against the Analysis Engine. This establishes agreement for the stated teaching network, not real-equipment accuracy.
Arrangement: An original four-column SLD; no geographic coordinates are supplied.
IEEE 14-bus — licensed data with teaching inputs
Source: PGLib-OPF v17.08 data and original-value notes, © 1999 Richard D. Christie, University of Washington, supplied under CC BY 4.0. The notes preserve the original generator setpoints/dispatch and reference voltages; the operational OPF matrices use some different values.
Retained data: Bus types/shunts, eleven load pairs, twenty branch records, original voltage setpoints and the 40 MW non-slack dispatch. The 19 MVAr bus-9 shunt is included. Published reference voltages and slack output remain an independent regression oracle; generation minus demand gives the rounded 13.4 MW reference loss.
GAHUM changes: Physical bus bases are uniformly 230 kV teaching assumptions. Frequency, branch ratings, active-power capacities, costs, fault reactances and initial solve placeholders are study assumptions. GAHUM independently authors the five-row SLD instead of reproducing the UW figure. This is not an unchanged PGLib OPF case or a verified operational model.
What these checks establish
Independent prescribed-phasor checks cover the original 5/9/12-bus cases; a licensed published-solution comparison covers specified 14-bus load-flow quantities. They do not validate every Op, certify the added parameters, establish standards compliance or demonstrate equivalence to another analysis product. Independently verify inputs, assumptions and results for your study.
These notes describe newly loaded, built-in examples. Editing a Power System or importing another case changes what is being studied; a saved name is not a provenance record. Review an import's Import Report and retain your own sources and changes.
The third-party inventory records original-data provenance, licensed 14-bus data, retained OSM geography and historical material retired from this checkout. GAHUM claims no affiliation, endorsement or certification from the named authors or organizations.